In Islam slavery is allowed, what are the conditions?

Slavery is permissible in the case of jihad where population of the enemy is taken captive. The ruler of the Muslim state has the choice either to keep them as prisoners or ransom them or may have them as slave. Now slavery in Islam is very different from the slavery in western societies. In Western societies master is free to do anything with his slave but in Islamic law this is not the case. In Islam, a slave has the right to take personal freedom by paying for himself and can liberate himself. If a slave woman bears a child to her master that child is born free and that child cannot be sold. Slaves cannot be killed or forced to do crimes for master. Rasulallah (ﷺ) even forbade calling them as my slave, rather to call as my young man or woman because the idea of being Master to slave is really limited to God.  We are the slaves to Allah.

Islam found the system of slavery existing in the society and corrected the ills and evils of it. Freeing the slaves also is encouraged by Islam. In Islam a child of a slave could even become the ruler of the country whereas in other societies this is not allowed. Many of the leading scholars were from freed slaves.

In today’s world, slavery is very commonly practised. In India, Pakistan and even in western countries it is still prevalent and the way it has been practised is illegal. People are taking advantage of other people. A Muslim cannot buy a slave in this way. This avenue is closed.